The New Interstate Conspiracy Doctrine

In F.T.C. v. Cement Institute the United States Supreme Court, reversing the Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, upheld a Federal Trade Commission cease and desist order against the maintenance of an industry-wide multiple basing point system for fixing the delivered price of cement.\u27 The grounds. for the order and the holding were (1) that the use of the system was an unfair method of competition in violation of section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act, and (2) that the method of pricing resulted in systematic price discriminations between different purchasers of cement of like quality and grade, the effect of which was to lessen competition among and between sellers of cement, and, hence, was in violation of section 2 of the Clayton Act, as amended by the Robinson-Patman Act. The parties subject to the order were the Cement Institute, an unincorporated association, and seventy-four cement corporations, members of the Cement Institute

A simulation model for wind energy storage systems. Volume 1: Technical report

A comprehensive computer program for the modeling of wind energy and storage systems utilizing any combination of five types of storage (pumped hydro, battery, thermal, flywheel and pneumatic) was developed. The level of detail of Simulation Model for Wind Energy Storage (SIMWEST) is consistent with a role of evaluating the economic feasibility as well as the general performance of wind energy systems. The software package consists of two basic programs and a library of system, environmental, and load components. The first program is a precompiler which generates computer models (in FORTRAN) of complex wind source storage application systems, from user specifications using the respective library components. The second program provides the techno-economic system analysis with the respective I/O, the integration of systems dynamics, and the iteration for conveyance of variables. SIMWEST program, as described, runs on the UNIVAC 1100 series computers

Reduced Retinal Microvascular Density, Improved Forepaw Reach, Comparative Microarray and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis with c-jun Targeting DNA Enzyme

Retinal neovascularization is a critical component in the pathogenesis of common ocular disorders that cause blindness, and treatment options are limited. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of a DNA enzyme targeting c-jun mRNA in mice with pre-existing retinal neovascularization. A single injection of Dz13 in a lipid formulation containing N-[1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium methyl-sulfate and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine inhibited c-Jun expression and reduced retinal microvascular density. The DNAzyme inhibited retinal microvascular density as effectively as VEGF-A antibodies. Comparative microarray and gene expression analysis determined that Dz13 suppressed not only c-jun but a range of growth factors and matrix-degrading enzymes. Dz13 in this formulation inhibited microvascular endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tubule formation in vitro. Moreover, animals treated with Dz13 sensed the top of the cage in a modified forepaw reach model, unlike mice given a DNAzyme with scrambled RNA-binding arms that did not affect c-Jun expression. These findings demonstrate reduction of microvascular density and improvement in forepaw reach in mice administered catalytic DNA.This work was supported by grants from Cancer Institute NSW and the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

DRIFT : a numerical simulation solution for cooling tower drift eliminator performance

Topical report for Task #3 of the Waste Heat Management Research ProgramA method for the analysis of the performance of standard industrial evaporative cooling tower drift eliminators using numerical simulation methods is reported. The simulation methods make use of the computer code SOLASUR as a subroutine of the computer code DRIFT to calculate the two dimensional laminar flow velocity field and pressure loss in a drift eliminator geometry. This information is then used in the main program to obtain the eliminator collection efficiency by performing trajectory calculations for droplet's of a given size by a fourth' order Runge-Kutta numerical method.New England Electric System & Northeast Utilities Service Co

High efficiency uniform positron beam loading in a hollow channel plasma wakefield accelerator

We propose a novel positron beam loading regime in a hollow plasma channel that can efficiently accelerate $e^+$ beam with high gradient and narrow energy spread. In this regime, the $e^+$ beam coincides with the drive $e^-$ beam in time and space and their net current distribution determines the plasma wakefields. By precisely shaping the beam current profile and loading phase according to explicit expressions, three-dimensional Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulations show that the acceleration for $e^+$ beam of $\sim$nC charge with $\sim$GV/m gradient, $\lesssim$0.5% induced energy spread and $\sim$50% energy transfer efficiency can be achieved simultaneously. Besides, only tailoring the current profile of the more tunable $e^-$ beam instead of the $e^+$ beam is enough to obtain such favorable results. A theoretical analysis considering both linear and nonlinear plasma responses in hollow plasma channels is proposed to quantify the beam loading effects. This theory agrees very well with the simulation results and verifies the robustness of this beam loading regime over a wide range of parameters